<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Overview_2.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Overview_2.png"alt="SAREF4GRID overview: Measurements and profiles"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_2">Figure 2: SAREF4GRID overview: Measurements and profiles</figcaption>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Overview_2.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Overview_2.png"alt="SAREF4GRID overview: Observations and profiles"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_2">Figure 2: SAREF4GRID overview: Observations and profiles</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
<p>Unlike in other SAREF extensions, meter-specific information is not defined using properties from SAREF. This is because the DLMS/COSEM standard defines the data
structures to model meters from simple up to very complex functionality (IEC 62056-6-2:2017). Moreover, each piece of information within the metering equipment
has a unique identifier called OBIS (OBject Identification System) which identifies the instance of a COSEM object (IEC 62056-6-1:2017). This data includes not only measurement values,
has a unique identifier called OBIS (OBject Identification System) which identifies the instance of a COSEM object (IEC 62056-6-1:2017). This data includes not only observation values,
but also abstract values used for configuration or for obtaining information about the behaviour of the metering equipment.</p>
<p>For this reason, the characteristics of the meter are represented as properties that are not observable by the meter (<ahref="#s4grid:MeterProperty">s4grid:MeterProperty</a>,
fully represented in <ahref="#Figure_6">Figure 6</a>), i.e., they are not measurements (<ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Measurement">saref:Measurement</a>).
fully represented in <ahref="#Figure_6">Figure 6</a>), i.e., they are not observations (<ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Observation">saref:Observation</a>).
The properties of a meter are defined by a value (<ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/PropertyValue">saref:PropertyValue</a>) and some are complemented with a unit of measurement
<p>As it can be observed in <ahref="#Figure_14">Figure 14</a> and <ahref="#Figure_15">Figure 15</a>, the modelling of measurements in the SAREF4GRID ontology mostly relies on the measurement model proposed in SAREF.
In order to reduce duplication with SAREF documentation, the reader is referred to the SAREF specification for details about measurement modelling including here details only for the new concepts.</p>
<p>As it can be observed in <ahref="#Figure_14">Figure 14</a> and <ahref="#Figure_15">Figure 15</a>, the modelling of observations in the SAREF4GRID ontology mostly relies on the observation model proposed in SAREF.
In order to reduce duplication with SAREF documentation, the reader is referred to the SAREF specification for details about observation modelling including here details only for the new concepts.</p>
<p>The DLMS/COSEM standard (IEC 62056) defines the measurements that a meter must take from a power line. It should be noted that in SAREF4GRID
<p>The DLMS/COSEM standard (IEC 62056) defines the observations that a meter must take from a power line. It should be noted that in SAREF4GRID
only the general properties are being defined. In order to use a more specific property it is neccesary to indicate the general property from which it
comes from. The properties that are defined in SAREF4GRID, which are measured from a power line (<ahref="#s4grid:PowerLine">s4grid:PowerLine</a>), are depicted in
<ahref="#Figure_14">Figure 14</a> and <ahref="#Figure_15">Figure 15</a>.</p>
<p>SAREF4GRID categorises the main properties related to the enregy an power measurements of a power line (<ahref="#s4grid:EnergyPowerProperty">s4grid:EnergyPowerProperty</a>): active energy measurements
(<ahref="#s4grid:ActiveEnergy">s4grid:ActiveEnergy</a>), reactive energy measurements (<ahref="#s4grid:ReactiveEnergy">s4grid:ReactiveEnergy</a>), apparent power measurements
(<ahref="#s4grid:ApparentPower">s4grid:ApparentPower</a>), demand register measurements (<ahref="#s4grid:DemandRegister">s4grid:DemandRegister</a>), active power measurements
(<ahref="#s4grid:ActivePower">s4grid:ActivePower</a>), reactive power measurements (<ahref="#s4grid:ReactivePower">s4grid:ReactivePower</a>), current measurements (<ahref="#s4grid:Current">s4grid:Current</a>), voltage measurements
(<ahref="#s4grid:Voltage">s4grid:Voltage</a>) and power factor related measurements (<ahref="#s4grid:PowerFactor">s4grid:PowerFactor</a>).</p>
<p>SAREF4GRID categorises the main properties related to the enregy an power observations of a power line (<ahref="#s4grid:EnergyPowerProperty">s4grid:EnergyPowerProperty</a>): active energy observations
(<ahref="#s4grid:ActiveEnergy">s4grid:ActiveEnergy</a>), reactive energy observations (<ahref="#s4grid:ReactiveEnergy">s4grid:ReactiveEnergy</a>), apparent power observations
(<ahref="#s4grid:ApparentPower">s4grid:ApparentPower</a>), demand register observations (<ahref="#s4grid:DemandRegister">s4grid:DemandRegister</a>), active power observations
(<ahref="#s4grid:ActivePower">s4grid:ActivePower</a>), reactive power observations (<ahref="#s4grid:ReactivePower">s4grid:ReactivePower</a>), current observations (<ahref="#s4grid:Current">s4grid:Current</a>), voltage observations
(<ahref="#s4grid:Voltage">s4grid:Voltage</a>) and power factor related observations (<ahref="#s4grid:PowerFactor">s4grid:PowerFactor</a>).</p>
<figure>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Energy_and_power_properties.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Energy_and_power_properties.png"alt="Energy and power property model"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_14">Figure 14: Energy and power property model</figcaption>
</figure>
<p> SAREF4GRID also categorises the main properties related to quality measurements of a power line (<ahref="#s4grid:QualityProperty">s4grid:QualityProperty</a>):duration of voltage sags
<p> SAREF4GRID also categorises the main properties related to quality observations of a power line (<ahref="#s4grid:QualityProperty">s4grid:QualityProperty</a>):duration of voltage sags
(<ahref="#s4grid:DurationVoltageSag">s4grid:DurationVoltageSag</a>), duration of voltage swells (<ahref="#s4grid:DurationVoltageSwell">s4grid:DurationVoltageSwell</a>) and duration of long power failures
The capture objects are collected periodically or occasionally. The representation of the profile generic of a meter has been extracted from the IEC 62056-6-2:2017.</p>
<p>A profile generic is represented by the objects that it captures (<ahref="#s4grid:Clock">s4grid:Clock</a>, <ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/PropertyValue">saref:PropertyValues</a> and
<ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Measurement">saref:Measurements</a>). These capture objects are collected in each period defined in the
<ahref="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Observation">saref:Observations</a>). These capture objects are collected in each period defined in the
<p>One of the main functions of electric grid meters is to take measures from a power line in order to control
what is happening in the electric grid. <ahref="#Figure_28">Figure 28</a> presents an example of a power line measurement (ex:TotalIncrementalActiveEnergyImportMeasurement123)
what is happening in the electric grid. <ahref="#Figure_28">Figure 28</a> presents an example of a power line observation (ex:TotalIncrementalActiveEnergyImportObservation123)
for a power line property (ex:TotalIncrementalActiveEnergyImport) that is identified by an OBIS code (<ahref="#s4grid:hasObis">s4grid:hasObis</a>).</p>
<p>As with meter properties, SAREF4GRID does not aim to provide an exhaustive definition of all the properties defined in the IEC 62056-6-2:2017. Instead, it defines a set of
@@ -106,24 +106,24 @@
(<ahref="http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#narrower">skos:narrower</a>), and which properties belong to a general property (<ahref="http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#broader">skos:broader</a>).</p>
<figure>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_1.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_1.png"alt="Example of electric grid meter measurements I"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_28">Figure 28: Example of electric grid meter measurements I</figcaption>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_1.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_1.png"alt="Example of electric grid meter observations I"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_28">Figure 28: Example of electric grid meter observations I</figcaption>
</figure>
<p><ahref="#Figure_29">Figure 29</a> presents another example of a power line measurement (ex:MaximumDemandRegisterImportC1TP1Measurement136) for a power line property
<p><ahref="#Figure_29">Figure 29</a> presents another example of a power line observation (ex:MaximumDemandRegisterImportC1TP1Observation136) for a power line property
(ex:MaximumDemandRegisterImportC1TP1) which are identified by an OBIS code (<ahref="#s4grid:hasObis">s4grid:hasObis</a>). The power line properties are broader than the properties
shown in <ahref="#Figure_14">Figure 14</a> and <ahref="#Figure_15">Figure 15</a> (e.g., <ahref="#s4grid:DemandRegister">s4grid:DemandRegister</a>).</p>
<figure>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_2.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_2.png"alt="Example of electric grid meter measurements II"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_29">Figure 29: Example of electric grid meter measurements II</figcaption>
<ahref="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_2.png"><imgsrc="diagrams/SAREF4GRID_Example_measurement_2.png"alt="Example of electric grid meter observations II"/></a>
<figcaptionid="Figure_29">Figure 29: Example of electric grid meter observations II</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Different profile generics can be generated in order to access data groups which are stored in an electric grid meter.
<ahref="#Figure_30">Figure 30</a> presents an example of a profile generic (ex:IncrementalLoadProfile1234) whose objective is to store the incremental energy
values that a meter measures (ex:Measurement1 to ex:Measurement6) each hour. Additionally, the profile generic stores the clock (ex:Clock1234) to indicate the time at which the profile generic
values that a meter measures (ex:Observation1 to ex:Observation6) each hour. Additionally, the profile generic stores the clock (ex:Clock1234) to indicate the time at which the profile generic
captures elements, and the AMR status (ex:PropertyValue1) that the meter stores. Moreover, the profile generic is represented by an OBIS code
