improved documentation

For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:

- aECG: annotated ECG

- API: Application Programming Interface

- BAN : Body Area Network

- DICOM: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

- EC: European Commission : 

- ECG: ElectroCardioGram

- EHAW: eHealth and Ageing Well

- EHR: Electronic Health Record

- ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute

- EWS: Early Warning System

- FDA: Food and Drug Administration

- FHIR: Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources

- HL7: Health Level Seven International

- IoT: Internet of Things

- JSON-LD: JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data

- LA: Left Arm

- LL: Left Leg

- LSP: Large Scale Pilot

- MAC: Medium Access Control

- O&M: Observations and Measurements

- OGC: Open Geospatial Consortium

- OWL2 DL: Web Ontology Language (second edition) Description Logics 

- OWL-DL: Web Ontology Language Description Logics

- RA: Right Arm

- RDF: Resource Description Framework

- RL: Right Leg

- SAREF: Smart Applications REFerence ontology

- SAREF4EHAW: SAREF extension for eHealth/Ageing-Well

- SAREF4ENVI: SAREF extension for the environment domain

- SAREF4WEAR: SAREF extension for Wearables domain

- SSN: Semantic Sensor Network 

- STF: Special Task Force

- SWE: Sensor Web Enablement

- TTL: Terse RDF Triple Language (Turtle)

- UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology

- US: United States

- UWB: Ultra-WideBand

- WHO: World Health Organization

- XML: eXtensible Markup Language

SAREF4EHAW mainly reuses the following existing ontologies: SAREF (see ETSI TS 103 264 [[1]](#[1])), SmartBAN (see ETSI TS 103 378 [[2]](#[2])), SAREF4ENVI (see ETSI TS 103 410-2 [[3]](#[3])) and SSN (see [[i.1]](#[i.1])). SAREF4EHAW modular ontology will be fully specified and formalized in clause 4.2 of [the technical specification ETSI TS 103 410-8](#[0]). [Figure 1](#Figure_1) presents the high level view of the envisioned model of SAREF4EHAW ontology. In [Figure 1](#Figure_1), classes directly imported from SAREF ontology are in yellow, classes directly imported from SAREF4ENVI ontology are in pink and finally classes specifically developed for SAREF4EHAW are in blue.

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/Overall.png" alt="High level view of the envisioned semantic model for SAREF4EHAW ontology "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure 1">Figure 1: High level view of the envisioned semantic model for SAREF4EHAW ontology </figcaption>

<figure data-docx-layout="landscape">

    <img data-docx-width="25.2cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW.Overall.png" alt="High level view of the envisioned semantic model for SAREF4EHAW ontology "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_1">Figure 1: High level view of the envisioned semantic model for SAREF4EHAW ontology </figcaption>

</figure>

A detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module is depicted in [Figure 2](#Figure_2).

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/HealthActor.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module "/>

<figure data-docx-layout="landscape">

    <img data-docx-width="21.2cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW.HealthActor.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_2">Figure 2: Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module </figcaption>

</figure>

The object properties defined for SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module are described in Table 2. The data properties defined for SAREF4EHAW HealthActor module are described in Table 3.

| Object property | Domain | Range | Definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [s4ehaw:followsUser](#s4ehaw:followsUser) | [s4ehaw:Helper](#s4ehaw:Helper) | [s4ehaw:User](#s4ehaw:User) | A helper may follow one or multiple users that can in particular be patients. |

| [s4ehaw:hasActivity](#s4ehaw:hasActivity) | [s4ehaw:HealthActor](#s4ehaw:HealthActor) | [s4ehaw:Activity](#s4ehaw:Activity) | A health actor may have one or multiple activities. |

| [s4ehaw:hasHabit](#s4ehaw:hasHabit) | [s4ehaw:User](#s4ehaw:User) | [s4ehaw:Habit](#s4ehaw:Habit) | The habits of a user and a patient (as sub-class of user it also inherits habit), e.g. smoking or overeating. |

| [s4ehaw:hasImpairment](#s4ehaw:hasImpairment) | [s4ehaw:User](#s4ehaw:User) | [s4ehaw:Impairment](#s4ehaw:Impairment) | The impairment type of a user and a patient (as sub-class of user it also inherits impairment), e.g. aural, skeletal, ocular, mobility, intellectual, etc. |

| [s4ehaw:usesBan](#s4ehaw:usesBan) | [s4ehaw:HealthActor](#s4ehaw:HealthActor) | [s4ehaw:Ban](#s4ehaw:Ban) | A health actor (e.g. a caregiver, a patient or a helper) uses a BAN for collecting, aggregating and relaying vital parameters. |

A detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Ban module is depicted in [Figure 3](#Figure_3).

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/Ban.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Ban module "/>

<figure data-docx-layout="landscape">

    <img data-docx-width="19.34cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW.Ban.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Ban module "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_3">Figure 3: Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Ban module </figcaption>

</figure>

| Object property | Domain | Range | Definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [s4ehaw:hasHub](#s4ehaw:hasHub) | [s4ehaw:Ban](#s4ehaw:Ban) | [s4ehaw:Hub](#s4ehaw:Hub) | A Body Area Network or BAN has one hub mainly playing the role of both a data concentrator and a network gateway. |

| [s4ehaw:hasResponsibleParty](#s4ehaw:hasResponsibleParty) | [s4ehaw:Ban](#s4ehaw:Ban) | [s4ehaw:ResponsibleParty](#s4ehaw:ResponsibleParty) | A BAN has a responsible party which plays the role of the legal entity responsible for this BAN (e.g. to contact in case of problem). It should be an organization or a person. |

### <a id="4.2.4"></a>HealthDevice module

A detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthDevice module is depicted in [Figure 4](#Figure_4).

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/HealthDevice.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthDevice module "/>

<figure data-docx-layout="landscape">

    <img data-docx-width="15.9cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW.HealthDevice.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthDevice module "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_4">Figure 4: Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW HealthDevice module </figcaption>

</figure>

| Object property | Domain | Range | definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [s4ehaw:hasInterface](#s4ehaw:hasInterface) | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [s4ehaw:Interface](#s4ehaw:Interface) | A health device has one or multiple interfaces (Bluetooth<sup><sup>®</sup></sup>, UWB, IEEE 802.15.6 [[i.10]](#[i.10]), serial interface, etc.). |

| [s4ehaw:isAttachedTo](#s4ehaw:isAttachedTo) | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [s4ehaw:HealthActor](#s4ehaw:HealthActor) | A health Device is attached to a health actor such as a patient, a user and or a caregiver. |

| Data Property | Domain | Range | Definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [s4ehaw:availableFlash](#s4ehaw:availableFlash) | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [xsd:long](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long) | The available flash memory (in byte) of a health device. It is a dynamic attribute. |

| [s4ehaw:availableRam](#s4ehaw:availableRam) | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [xsd:long](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long) | Indicates the available volatile memory space (in byte) of a health device. It is a dynamic attribute. |

| [s4ehaw:interfaceAddress](#s4ehaw:interfaceAddress) | [s4ehaw:Interface](#s4ehaw:Interface) | [xsd:string](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string) | The interface address. The interface may have many addresses like MAC address, IP address or others. |

| s4ehaw:

,remainingBatteryLevel | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [xsd:int](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int) | The level of remaining battery (if any, in percent) for a health device. It is a dynamic attribute. |

| [s4ehaw:serialNb](#s4ehaw:serialNb) | [s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice) | [xsd:string](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string) | The serial number of a health device. |

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/Function.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Function module "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure 5">Figure 5: Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Function module </figcaption>

    <img data-docx-width="16.43cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW.Function.png" alt="Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Function module "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_5">Figure 5: Detailed view of SAREF4EHAW Function module </figcaption>

</figure>

SAREF4EHAW Function module models the observation and actuation functions (see [Figure 5](#Figure_5)).

* The TimeSeriesObservation is inspired on existing classes from other standards in the health domain (listed in Table 6). This class represents a sequence of data in a successive equally spaced points in time (i.e. with a fixed frequency) measured by a health device, e.g. ECG time series data measured by an ECG device during a recording session. 

| Class | Source(s) | Definition |

| --- | --- | --- |

| Sample sequence | UFO ECG [[i.2]](#[i.2]) | Collective: "ordered sequence of samples resulting from an Observation series" (ecgOnto:095). |

| Observation series | UFO ECG [[i.2]](#[i.2]) | Complex event: "Series of observations evenly spaced in time carried out in an ECG Recording session" (ecgOnto:093). |

| Sampled data (Observation.component.valueSampledData) | HL7 FHIR<sup>®</sup> [[i.3]](#[i.3]) | "Data that come from a series of measurements taken by a device, which may have upper and lower limits". |

| Time Series Observation | OGC O&M (ISO 19156) [[i.4]](#[i.4]) | "observation whose result is a time-series". |

| Series | HL7 aECG [[i.5]](#[i.5]) | "Contains one or more sequence sets sharing a common frame of reference". |

| Series (General Series Module) | DICOM<sup>®</sup> [[i.6]](#[i.6]) | A property of General ECG that "specifies the attributes that identify and describe general information about the Series within a Study". A Series is as a sequence of data elements sharing a common frame of reference. |

[Figure 5](#Figure_5) also shows that a observation function (a sub-class of SAREF Function class, [rdfs:subClassOf](http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf) relation), in case of complex observations such as time series provided by ECG devices (sequences of data in a successive equally spaced points in time), shall have a frequency property that is the frequency in which the measurements are made.

Finally and for reducing duplication with both SAREF and SAREF4ENVI documentation, the reader is referred to the SAREF and SAREF4ENVI specifications (ETSI TS 103 264 [[1]](#[1]), ETSI TS 103 410-2 [[3]](#[3])) for details about all the classes that are reused from SAREF within [Figure 5](#Figure_5).

The object properties defined for SAREF4EHAW Function module are described in Table 7 The data properties defined for SAREF4EHAW Function module are described in Table 8.

| Object property | Domain | Range | definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [saref:hasCommand](https://saref.etsi.org/core/hasCommand) | [saref:Function](https://saref.etsi.org/core/Function) | [saref:Command](https://saref.etsi.org/core/Command) | A function has a command (a directive that a health device is supporting to perform a given function). |

| [s4ehaw:hasDataConstraint](#s4ehaw:hasDataConstraint) | [s4ehaw:Data](#s4ehaw:Data) | [s4ehaw:DataConstraint](#s4ehaw:DataConstraint) | Defines the relationship between a data that has constraints (validity, legal, etc.). |

| [s4ehaw:hasData](#s4ehaw:hasData) | [saref:Function](https://saref.etsi.org/core/Function) | [s4ehaw:Data](#s4ehaw:Data) | A function has one or many data, for example a tracking function shall include latitude, longitude and speed data. |

| [s4ehaw:hasParticipant](#s4ehaw:hasParticipant) | s4ehaw:

,MeasurementSession | [s4ehaw:HealthActor](#s4ehaw:HealthActor) | A measurement session has health actors as participants (caregiver controlling the session, patient monitored during the session). |

| s4ehaw:

,hasTimeSeriesMeasurement | [s4ehaw:Data](#s4ehaw:Data) | s4ehaw:

,TimeSeriesMeasurement | Data has time series measurements, a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. |

| Data Property | Domain | Range | Definition |

| --- | --- | --- | --- |

| [s4ehaw:hasValues](#s4ehaw:hasValues) | s4ehaw:

,TimeSeriesMeasurement | [xsd:decimal](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal) | A relationship defining the set of values (an ordered array of numbers) of a certain property, e.g. heart rate. Attention: to assure ordering in the serialization format, it is necessary to use either [rdf:Seq](http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq) (RDF/XML) or @list (JSON-LD). |

| [s4ehaw:maximumValue](#s4ehaw:maximumValue) | [s4ehaw:ValidityConstraint](#s4ehaw:ValidityConstraint) | [xsd:decimal](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal) | The maximum allowable value of a measurement. |

| [s4ehaw:minimumValue](#s4ehaw:minimumValue) | [s4ehaw:ValidityConstraint](#s4ehaw:ValidityConstraint) | [xsd:decimal](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal) | The minimum allowable value of a measurement. |

* SpireStone and ScanWatch wearables, as well as TUCKY thermometer, are health devices ([s4ehaw:HealthDevice](#s4ehaw:HealthDevice)) that are attached to Bob ([s4ehaw:isAttachedTo](#s4ehaw:isAttachedTo) property).

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Patient_Bob.png" alt="Patient Bob individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="16.324791666666666cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Patient_Bob.png" alt="Patient Bob individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_6">Figure 6: Patient Bob individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobSpireStone_HealthDevice.png" alt="BobSpireStone HealthDevice individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobSpireStone_HealthDevice.png" alt="BobSpireStone HealthDevice individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_7">Figure 7: BobSpireStone HealthDevice individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Respiration_function.png" alt="Respiration function individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="15.927916666666667cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Respiration_function.png" alt="Respiration function individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_8">Figure 8: Respiration function individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobScanWatch.png" alt="Bob's Scan Watch individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobScanWatch.png" alt="Bob's Scan Watch individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_9">Figure 9: Bob's Scan Watch individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Oxymeter_Function.png" alt="Oxymeter Function individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="15.927916666666667cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.Oxymeter_Function.png" alt="Oxymeter Function individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_10">Figure 10: Oxymeter Function individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.SystolicPressureSens.png" alt="Systolic Pressure function Individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="16.721666666666668cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.SystolicPressureSens.png" alt="Systolic Pressure function Individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_11">Figure 11: Systolic Pressure function Individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobBodyThermo.png" alt="Bob's Thermometer Health device individuals"/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobBodyThermo.png" alt="Bob's Thermometer Health device individuals"/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_12">Figure 12: Bob's Thermometer Health device individuals</figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BodyTemperature.png" alt="Body's temperature function individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="16.721666666666668cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BodyTemperature.png" alt="Body's temperature function individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_13">Figure 13: Body's temperature function individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobMonitorBan.png" alt="Bob's BAN individuals "/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.BobMonitorBan.png" alt="Bob's BAN individuals "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_14">Figure 14: Bob's BAN individuals </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.ECGunit.png" alt="Composition of ECG device with a recording measurement session "/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.ECGunit.png" alt="Composition of ECG device with a recording measurement session "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_15">Figure 15: Composition of ECG device with a recording measurement session </figcaption>

</figure>

<figure>

    <img src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.EGCTimeSeries.png" alt="An ECG time series measurement "/>

    <img data-docx-width="17.002125cm" src="diagrams/SAREF4EHAW_examples.EGCTimeSeries.png" alt="An ECG time series measurement "/>

    <figcaption id="Figure_16">Figure 16: An ECG time series measurement </figcaption>

</figure>