documentation generated from TS

For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:

* ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute

* GPS: Global Positioning System 

* OWL: Ontology Web Language

* OWL-DL: Ontology Web Language-Description Logics

* RDF: Resource Description Framework

* RDF-S: Resource Description Framework Schema

* SAREF: Smart Applications REFerence ontology

* SAREF4CITY: SAREF extension for the Smart Cities domain

* SAREF4WEAR: SAREF extension for the Wearables domain

* URI: Uniform Resource Identifier

 No newline at end of file

# SAREF4WEAR ontology and semantics

## Introduction and overview

The present document is a technical specification of SAREF4WEAR, an extension of SAREF [1] for the Wearables domain. Clause 4.1 of the present document shortly introduces a high level view of the envisioned SAREF4WEAR semantic model and modular ontology, with the retained concepts (i.e. classes) and their relations.

SAREF4WEAR has been specified and formalized by investigating related resources in the Wearables domain, as reported in ETSI TR 103 510 [i.1], such as:

* potential stakeholders;

* standardization initiatives;

* alliances/associations;

* European projects;

* EC directives;

* existing ontologies; and

* data repositories.

Therefore, SAREF4WEAR shall both:

* Allow the implementation of a limited set of typical Wearable-related use cases already identified in [i.1], i.e.:

    * Use case 1 "Healthcare".

    * Use case 2 "Open Air Public Events".

    * Use case 3 "Closed Environment Events".

* Fulfil the Wearable-related requirements provided in ETSI TR 103 510 [i.1], mainly the ontological ones that were mostly taken as input for the ontology specification.

SAREF4WEAR is an OWL-DL ontology. For embedded semantic analytics purposes, SAREF4WEAR shall be designed using the modularity principle (see ETSI TR 103 510 [i.1]) and can thus be mainly described by a set of knowledge modules. All these SAREF4WEAR modules are fully detailed in clause 4.2 of the present document.

The prefixes and namespaces used in SAREF4WEAR and in the present document are listed in Table 1.

{{table_1}}

<p>This document presents the implementation of the SAREF extension for the wearables domain (SAREF4WEAR) which based on a limited set of use cases and from available existing data models. This work has been developed in the context of the <a href="https://portal.etsi.org/STF/STFs/STF-HomePages/STF566">STF 566</a> which was established with the goal to create SAREF extensions for the domains of automotive, eHealth and ageing well, wearables, and water.</p>

<h3>General overview</h3>

<p><a href="#Figure_1">Figure 1</a> presents an overview of the classes and the properties included in the SAREF4WEAR extension.</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Overview.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Overview.png" alt="SAREF4WEAR overview"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_1">Figure 1: SAREF4WEA overview</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Measurement</h3>

<p>As it can be observed in <a href="#Figure_2">Figure 2</a>, the modelling of measurements in the SAREF4WEAR ontology mostly relies on the measurement model proposed in SAREF.</p>

<p>The SAREF4WEAR extension requires to be able to represent those devices that measure a certain feature of interest (and those features of interest that are measured by a device) independently of having measures from which this relationship could be inferred. Because of this, in this extension we have created four new properties to relate <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Device">saref:Device</a> and <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/FeatureOfInterest">saref:FeatureOfInterest</a>: <a href="#s4wear:featureIsMeasuredByDevice">s4wear:featureIsMeasuredByDevice</a>, <a href="#s4wear:featureIsControlledByDevice">s4wear:featureIsControlledByDevice</a>, <a href="#s4wear:measuresFeature">s4wear:measuresFeature</a>, and <a href="#s4wear:controlsFeature">s4wear:controlsFeature</a>.</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Measurement.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Measurement.png" alt="Measurement model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_2">Figure 2: Measurement model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Feature of interest</h3>

<p>The Feature of Interest module describes the different actors that can be equipped with a Wearable device, as presented in <a href="#Figure_3">Figure 3</a>. We foresee different types of actors: living organisms (<a href="#s4wear:LivingOrganism">s4wear:LivingOrganism</a>) and software (<a href="#s4wear:Software">s4wear:Software</a>). There is also a wearer class (<a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>) to describe those living organisms that wear some wearable.</p>

<p>The <a href="#s4wear:LivingOrganism">s4wear:LivingOrganism</a> concept represents any living being that can be equipped with a Wearable device. The <a href="#s4wear:Software">s4wear:Software</a> concept represents a program that can be linked with a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> especially for acquiring information.</p>

<p>The <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a> concept defines any <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/LivingOrganism">saref:LivingOrganism</a> for which the <a href="#s4wear:featureIsMeasuredByDevice">s4wear:featureIsMeasuredByDevice</a> property subsists, i.e., the <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device transmits information related to the connected <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/LivingOrganism">saref:LivingOrganism</a>.</p>

<p>The <a href="#s4wear:User">s4wear:User</a> concept refers to a <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/FeatureOfInterest">saref:FeatureOfInterest</a> for which the <a href="#s4wear:interactsWith">s4wear:interactsWith</a> relationship with a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> individual exists.</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Feature of interest.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Feature of interest.png" alt="Feature of interest model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_3">Figure 3: Feature of interest model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Wearable</h3>

<p>SAREF4WEAR defines the <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> abstract concept representing a <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Device">saref:Device</a> having the capability of being wore by a <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>.</p>

<p>As depicted in <a href="#Figure_4">Figure 4</a>, the <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> class subsumes three further concepts with information related to the position of the <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> with respect to its <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>:

<ul>

<li><a href="#s4wear:InBodyWearable">s4wear:InBodyWearable</a> describing a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device positioned inside the body of the <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>;</li>

<li><a href="#s4wear:NearBodyWearable">s4wear:NearBodyWearable</a> describing a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device positioned near the body of the <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>;</li>

<li><a href="#s4wear:OnBodyWearable">s4wear:OnBodyWearable</a> describing a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device positioned on the body (i.e. direct contact) of the <a href="#s4wear:Wearer">s4wear:Wearer</a>.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<p>The latter is furtherly specified with the <a href="#s4wear:TextileBasedWearable">s4wear:TextileBasedWearable</a> concept describing <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> devices integrated into textile products directly.</p>

<p>The extension also allows to define for a wearable which are the policies (<a href="#s4wear:Policy">s4wear:Policy</a>) followed by it by means of the <a href="#s4wear:followsPolicy">s4wear:followsPolicy</a> property.</p>

<p>Besides, the capabilities of a wearable under specific conditions (ssn-system:SystemCapability), such as its precision or accuracy, can be represented using the ssn-system:hasSystemCapability property.</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Wearable.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Wearable.png" alt="Wearable model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_4">Figure 4: Wearable model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Function</h3>

<p>This model specifies the functions that are considered relevant for the wearables domain. We defined three new concepts that are subsumed by the <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Function">saref:Function</a> concept and we reuse other functions defined in SAREF, as presented in <a href="#Figure_5">Figure 5</a>:

<ul>

<li><a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/ActuatingFunction">saref:ActuatingFunction</a> defines the possibility of a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device to actuate over a feature of interest;</li>

<li><a href="#s4wear:CommunicatingFunction">s4wear:CommunicatingFunction</a> is a type of <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/EventFunction">saref:EventFunction</a> that defines the possibility of a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device to transmit data to another <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device or any other <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Device">saref:Device</a> able to receive data;</li>

<li><a href="#s4wear:ControllingFunction">s4wear:ControllingFunction</a> defines the possibility of a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device to control another object;</li>

<li><a href="#s4wear:NavigatingFunction">s4wear:NavigatingFunction</a> defines the possibility of a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device to provide navigation capabilities;</li>

<li><a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/SensingFunction">saref:SensingFunction</a> defines the possibility of a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device to acquire data by means of sensors integrated into a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Function.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Function.png" alt="Function model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_5">Figure 5: Function model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Occurrence</h3>

<p>In some cases, wearables will be able to detect occurrences (<a href="#s4wear:Occurrence">s4wear:Occurrence</a>) taking place (<a href="#s4wear:takesPlaceAt">s4wear:takesPlaceAt</a>) in a location that is relevant to the wearer (geo:Feature). These occurrences can be related to the device detecting them through the <a href="#s4wear:isDetectedBy">s4wear:isDetectedBy</a> property, as shown in <a href="#Figure_6">Figure 6</a>.</p>

<p>In the context of a smart city, more specific classes can be used from SAREF4CITY, to represent events (<a href="https://saref.etsi.org/saref4city/Event">s4city:Event</a>, a subclass of <a href="#s4wear:Occurrence">s4wear:Occurrence</a>) that take place at (<a href="https://saref.etsi.org/saref4city/takesPlaceAtFacility">s4city:takesPlaceAtFacility</a>) facilities (<a href="https://saref.etsi.org/saref4city/Facility">s4city:Facility</a>, a subclass of geo:Feature).</p> 

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Occurrence.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Occurrence.png" alt="Occurence model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_6">Figure 6: Occurrence model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Property</h3>

<p>SAREF4WEAR includes a classification of the different properties that are relevant to the wearables domain, as shown in <a href="#Figure_7">Figure 7</a>. These properties are classified into wearable (<a href="#s4wear:WearableProperty">s4wear:WearableProperty</a>), wearer (<a href="#s4wear:WearerProperty">s4wear:WearerProperty</a>), crowd (<a href="#s4wear:CrowdProperty">s4wear:CrowdProperty</a>), and environment (<a href="#s4wear:EnvironmentProperty">s4wear:EnvironmentProperty</a>) ones.</p>

<p>Furthermore, wearable properties are further classified into electrical one (<a href="#s4wear:ElectricalProperty">s4wear:ElectricalProperty</a>) that refer to the electric information of a wearable, electrical safety ones (<a href="#s4wear:ElectricalSafetyProperty">s4wear:ElectricalSafetyProperty</a>) that refer to safety information concerning electrical aspects of wearables, and emission one (<a href="#s4wear:EmissionProperty">s4wear:EmissionProperty</a>) that refer to information about kind of emissions (e.g. noise, temperature, etc.) associated with a wearable.</p> 

<p>The extension defines different individuals for each type of water property; however, this list of individuals does not aim to be exhaustive but to reflect the potential use of the ontology.</p> 

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Property.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Property.png" alt="Property model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_7">Figure 7: Property model</figcaption>

</figure>

<h3>Wearable component</h3>

<p>This model describes some of the components that could be integrated into a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device. We foresee different types of components, as depicted in <a href="#Figure_8">Figure 8</a>:

<ul>

<li>a <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Actuator">saref:Actuator</a> component, reused from the SAREF ontology;</li>

<li>a <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Sensor">saref:Sensor</a> component, reused from the SAREF ontology, and a <a href="#s4wear:TextileBasedSensor">s4wear:TextileBasedSensor</a> component, subclass of the <a href="https://saref.etsi.org/core/Sensor">saref:Sensor</a> one, defining sensors that are installed directly on textile products;</li>

<li>a <a href="#s4wear:MemoryStorage">s4wear:MemoryStorage</a> component defining storage components that can be directly installed within a <a href="#s4wear:Wearable">s4wear:Wearable</a> device.</li>

</ul>

</p>

<figure>

  <a href="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Wearable component.png"><img src="diagrams/SAREF4WEAR Wearable component.png" alt="Wearable component model"/></a>

  <figcaption id="Figure_8">Figure 8: Wearable component model</figcaption>

</figure>