An overview of the SAREF4CITY ontology is provided in Figure 1. For all the entities described in the present document, it is indicated whether they are defined in the SAREF4CITY extension or elsewhere by the prefix included before their identifier, i.e. if the element is defined in SAREF4CITY, the prefix is s4city, while if the element is reused from another ontology it is indicated by a prefix according to Table 1.
Arrows are used to represent properties between classes and to represent some RDF, RDF-S and OWL constructs, more precisely:
Datatype properties are denoted by rectangles attached to the classes, in an UML-oriented way. Dashed boxes represent local restrictions in the class, i.e. datatype properties that can be applied to the class they are attached to.
Individuals are denoted by rectangles in which the identifier is underlined.
Note that Figure 1 aims at showing a global overview of the main classes of SAREF4CITY and their mutual relations.
In the SAREF4CITY ontology existing models have been reused when needed in order to increase interoperability and reduce effort in modelling general domains. As an example, for modelling the requirements related to the topology domain, standard ontologies already developed have been reused and connected to the SARE4CITY elements. As shown in Figure 2, for representing spatial objects the geosp:SpatialObject class from GeoSPARQL has been reused along with its subclasses geosp:Feature, geosp:Geometry and the properties geosp:sfContains, geosp:sfWithin and geosp:hasGeometry. In addition, the class geo:Point and the property geo:location have been reused from the W3C de-facto standard for geographical information "WGS84 Geo Positioning vocabulary" in order to be able to indicate that something is located at certain coordinates.
The model defined to describe administrative areas is depicted in Figure 3. As it can be observed, this model heavily relies on the topology pattern described in clause 4.2.2. In this sense, the ability to connect administrative areas (e.g. a city) with their inner areas, (e.g. its neighbourhoods) is given by inheritance of the geosp:SpatialObject class and through the geosp:Feature class. That is, as s4city:AdministrativeArea is subclass of geosp:SpatialObject, the geosp:sfContains and geosp:sfWithin properties could also be applied to all the administrative areas defined, namely s4city:City, s4city:Country, s4city:District and s4city:Neighbourhood.
The model developed to represent city objects is shown in Figure 4. This model also relies on the topology pattern described in clause 4.2.2, as for the administrative area case. The ability to connect city objects with the city or with the parts in which they are located is enabled by means of the properties geosp:sfContains and geosp:sfWithin inherited from the geosp:SpatialObject class.
As it can be observed in Figure 6, the modelling of measurements in the SAREF4CITY ontology totally relies on the measurement model proposed in SAREF. This modelling includes the saref:FeatureOfInterest class that provides the means to refer to the real world phenomena that is being observed in the given measurement. In order to reduce duplication with SAREF documentation, the reader is referred to the SAREF specification for details about SAREF modelling including here details only for the new concepts.
A s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicator is related to a saref:FeatureOfInterest by means of the property s4city:isKPIOf. It should be noted that the inverse relation of s4city:isKPIOf is also defined, more precisely, the relation s4city:hasKPI links a given saref:FeatureOfInterest to its KPIs represented as instances of s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicator. The calculation period of a s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicator is indicated by the property s4city:hasCalculationPeriod. The name and a natural language description of the s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicator are indicated by the attributes s4city:hasName and s4city:hasDescription, respectively.
The relation between a specific assessment of a KPI (s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicatorAssessment) and the general KPI definition (s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicator) can be established by means of the property s4city:quantifiesKPI. A s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicatorAssessment is related to the saref:FeatureOfInterest by means of the property s4city:assesses. The temporal entity to which the assessment of the KPI refers to is represented by the property s4city:refersToTime. The agent assessing the KPI is linked by means of the property s4city:isAssessedBy. In order to express the administrative area or geographical location assessed by the KPI, the property s4city:refersToSpace is included in the model. In case the KPI represents a value extracted from an aggregation of measurements, the property s4city:isDerivedFrom can be used to link to such measurements (saref:Measurement). The unit of measure in which a KPI value is expressed is indicated by means of the reused property saref:isMeasuredIn while the value itself is indicated by the attribute saref:hasValue. The name and a natural language description of the s4city:KeyPerformanceIndicatorAssessment are indicated by the attributes s4city:hasName and s4city:hasDescription, respectively. The creation, expiration and last update dates of the value are represented by the attributes s4city:hasCreationDate, s4city:hasExpirationDate and s4city:hasLastUpdateDate, respectively.
The model developed to describe public services within the SAREF4CITY ontology is depicted in Figure 8. The main entity included is the s4city:PublicService class which is a specialization of the reused concept cpsv:PublicService class defined in the Public Service vocabulary provided by the ISA vocabularies European initiative. The facility in which the service is provided is indicated by the s4city:involvesFacility property. It can be also possible to indicate in which administrative area it is provided, for example a neighbourhood, by means of the property cpsv:physicallyAvailableAt. The public services that an agent (s4city:Agent) provides or uses are indicated by means of the properties cpsv:provides and cpsv:uses, respectively. The languages in which a service is provided are indicated by the property s4city:isAvailableInLanguage. The name and a natural language description of the s4city:PublicService are indicated by the attributes s4city:hasName and s4city:hasDescription, respectively.
The KPI pattern is also instantiated in the example. The instance ex:RoadSegment50Congestion2018-11-20T13-30-00 refer to the value (70 %) of the road congestion on the 2018-11-20 at 13:20. Such value is assessed by the public administration ex:City4. In the calculation of such value the speed of the cars (ex:CarsSpeed2018-11-20), the pollution (ex:Polution2018-11-20) and the GMaps API (ex:GMapsAPI2018-11-20) values have been taken into account as it can be observed from the s4ctiy:isDerivedFrom property between the KPI value and the different saref:Measurement instances.
In the example the event ex:BasketMatch23, as sub event of the ex:BasketWeek2018, is described. It can be seen that the match is accessible by metro, is organized by ex:City4 and takes place at the facility ex:BasketArena7.
Finally, some examples of public services are shown. One service example is the ex:HealthService123 that involves the facility ex:BasketArena7 and is available in Spanish. Such service is available in area ex:Neighbourhood34 that is contained in ex:City4, which is the service provider organization. In addition, another service, ex:Bus33Service, is provided by another organization, in this case ex:TransportCo.
